Nationality

Interlinked Thematic Vocabulary Unit Nº 283 Version 1

      Main Definitions

1. nationality 1 / national 1 |n| the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization.
2. "She is hoping to adopt Australian nationality."
3. "Immigrants of the same nationality often seek each other out."
4. nationality 2 / national 2 |n| people having common origins or traditions and often comprising aditions.
5. "Such images define their sense of nationality."
6. "The city is home to more than a hundred nationalities."
7. nationality 3 / national 3 |n| an ethnic group forming a part of one or more political nations.
8. "The college attracts students of all nationalities."
9. "The pupils are of mixed nationality."
10. nationality 4 / national 4 |n| a group of people with the same language, culture and history who form part of a political nation.
11. "Kazakhstan alone contains more than a hundred nationalities."
12. "He accused them of discrimination on the grounds of nationality."
13. nationality 5 / national 5 |n| the legal right of belonging to a particular nation.
14. "All applicants will be considered regardless of age, sex, religion or nationality."
15. "Another limitation is that the right to employ senior personnel of any nationality is dependent on it being able to lawfully enter the host country."
16. multinational 1 |adj| including or involving several countries or nationalities.
17. "It may also participate in joint oil pollution response activities under the regional agreements and multinational exercises."
18. multinational 2 |n| operating in several countries. 
19. "A multinational force is being sent to the trouble spot."
20. "Marco works as a Business Consultant in a multinational company."
21. "Identifying a country for investment in commercial reforestation (in the case of a multinational company).
22. transnational 1 |adj| extending or operating across national boundaries.
23. "Transnational advertising agencies."
24. "Ministers recognized the need to cooperate to address the challenges brought about by transnational education."
25. "Transnational terrorism is a truly global challenge."
26. transnational 2 |n| a large company operating internationally.
27. "Transnational corporations and other business enterprises shall not engage in trade that is known to lead to human rights or humanitarian law violations."
28. "He noted that transnational corporations were at the heart of the globalization process, and that their investments influenced the allocation of productive resources."

      Terms Related to Nationality

1. ethnicity |n| the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.
2. "The interrelationship between gender, ethnicity, and class."
3. "The diverse experience of women of different ethnicities."
4. race |n| each of the major divisions of humankind, having distinct physical characteristics. 
5. "Historically, we tend to view the Vikings as a warlike race."
6. "There is legislation against discrimination on the grounds of race or sex."
7. tradition |n| the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.
8. "There's a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Year's Eve."
9. "By tradition, ships are often referred to as ‘she’ in English."
10. "Following in the Hitchcock tradition, he always appears in the films he directs."
11. national symbol / symbol / patriotic symbol |n| a symbol of any entity considering itself and manifesting itself to the world as a national community, the sovereign states but also nations and countries in a state of colonial or other dependence, federal integration, or ethemven an ethnocultural community considered a 'nationality' despite having no political autonomy.
12. "Mount Ararat is the Armenian National symbol."
13. "The gesture shown here involved the throwing of maple leaves, Canada's national symbol."
14. "The Obelisk is a large monument in the middle of Buenos Aires that serves as a national symbol."

     Citizenship

1. citizenship |n| someone who legally belongs to a particular country and has rights and responsibilities there, whether they are living there or not.
2. "She's French by birth, but is now a British citizen."
3. "Our job is to protect the citizens of Belfast and make it a safe city to live in."
4. dual nationality |n| is a citizen of two countries.
5. "She has dual nationality."
6. "He has dual British and South African nationality."
7. "He recently received the Spanish passport which grants him dual nationality."
8. emigration |n| migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another).
9. "My family emigrated from England to this country over two centuries ago."
10. "They emigrated to this country from England."
11. inmigration |n| the process of entering another country in order to live there permanently.
12. "He called for a common European policy on immigration."
13. "After the two years, the foreigner may apply for the Permanent Residence with the right to an indefinately inmigration card (does not have an expiration date)."
14. "So while the economy and further prosperity is dependent on inmigration, society often fears its consequences."
15. naturalization |n| the proceeding whereby a foreigner is granted citizenship.
16. "No one expects the Baltic states to naturalise young Russian soldiers, but army pensioners can be given citizenship."
17. "Therefore, they could not provide the copies of the materials related to her naturalization examination."
18. "The author did not appeal this decision of the Naturalization Board."
19. "These are a public awareness programme on citizenship and naturalization, and a free language training programme for naturalization candidates."
20. naturalization papers |n| documents that prove a person has been made a citizen of a country.
21. "They swore their allegiance to the USA and received their naturalization papers."
22. "Alfred, an immigration lawyer, said he has come full circle: he has helped many people get their naturalization papers, and now it is his turn."
23. "The general rule is you must be a legal resident for five years before you may file for naturalization.

      The Border

1. border district / borderland |n| district consisting of the area on either side of a border or boundary of a country or an area.
2. "In January, they then began to assist the trainers in the training of all border patrol officers in their respective border district areas."
3. "The other district centres and border centres are established in trafficking prone districts and borders."
4. "Regarding this discussion, one of the proposed new border crossings at Morina (Tropoja District) was officially opened at the beginning of July 2001."
5. border |n| the line that divides two countries or areas; the land near this line." 
6. "Brazil has a common border with most South  American countries."
7. "Ethiopia shares its longest border with Somalia."
8. "He drove us right up to the Russian border."
9. "Poland has a common border with Germany."
10. "I live in a small town in the US, near the Canadian border."
11. boundary 1 |n| a line determining the limits of an area.
12. "The Commission has no authority to vary the boundary line."
13. "The eastern boundary of Nagaland is the India-Myanmar border."
14. "Ethiopia is upstream of all its trans-boundary rivers with more than 75% of the water resources flowing into neighbouring countries."
15. boundary 2 |n| the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something.
16. "As no external funds were available, the women used to repair the forest boundary wall with voluntary labour."
17. "The boundary is the point at which the unity of the system of laws and the unity of the institution are compromised."
18. frontier |UK| |n| the line that separates two countries or areas; the land near this line.
19. "The river formed the frontier between the land of the Saxons and that of the Danes."
20. "This is a huge problem, particularly for the frontier workers who live in one EU country and work in another."
21. "Syria has deployed troops along the border between the two countries in order to prevent fugitives from escaping across the frontier."

      People

1. alien |n| |formal| someone who is not a legal citizen of the country they are living or working in (used in official contexts).
2. "Granting the refugee status to an alien."
3. illegal alien |US| / illegal immigrant |US and UK| |n| someone who goes to live or work in another country when they do not have the legal right to do this.
4. "Thousands of illegal immigrants cross the border every day."
5. "Employers cannot hire illegal aliens."
6. citizen 1 |n| a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community.
7. "She's Italian by birth, but is now an Australian citizen."
8. citizen 2 |n| a legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth.
9. "They are fighting for acceptance as full citizens of the country."
10. "British citizens living in other parts of the European Union."
11. inmigrant |n| a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.
12. "Mexican immigrants seeking farm work."
13. "Large numbers of illegal immigrants have found their way into the country."
14. "Two thirds of legal immigrants to the country came from Europe and Canada."
15. emigrant |n| a person who leaves their country to live in another.
16. "My grandparents were Italian emigrants who settled in New York in the 1920s."
17. national |n| national a citizen of a country who is living in another country."
18. "She insisted that foreign nationals were safe in the country."
19. "Russians nationals were ordered to leave."
20. "Her husband is a French national."
21. native |n| someone who was born in a particular country but moved to another country (used when describing a person or their life).
22. "Picasso was a native of Spain, although he spent much of his life in France."
23. resident |n| someone who lives in a particular street or area."
24. "There have been complaints by local residents about the building work."
25. "She was a resident of Chicago for many years."
26. subject |n| someone who was born in a country that has a king or queen, and has a right to live there.
27. "Northern Ireland citizens are British subjects."

       

     Foreigners

1. foreigner |n| a person born in or coming from a foreign country. Informal: a stranger or outsider.
2. "It will soon be impossible for foreigners to enter the country."
3. " I can't speak a word of French so everyone can tell I'm a foreigner as soon as I arrive in France."
4. people from other countries |n| the word foreigner can sound negative and not very friendly. In everyday English, people often say people from other countries:
5. "I like meeting people from other countries."
6. outsider |n| a person who is not liked or accepted as a member of a particular group, organization or society and who feels different from those people who are accepted as members.
7. "As a child he was very much an outsider, never participating in the games other children played."
8. stranger |n| a stranger in a particular place is someone who has never been there before.
9. "Do you know the way to St Peter's church or are you a stranger here too?"

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