Metals

Interlinked Thematic Vocabulary Unit Nº 292 Version 1

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      Main Definitions

1. metal |n| a solid material that is typically hard, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity (e.g., iron, gold, silver, copper, and aluminum, and alloys such as brass and steel).
2. "In the Netherlands, for example, we are short of manpower in the metal, horticultural, agricultural and health care industries."
3. "Of course, the concentration of the metal used as the main bath component can also be determined by means of voltammetry."
4. metallurgy |n| the branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification.
5. "He earned a doctorate in metallurgy and material sciences from the University of Pennsylvania and a bachelor's degree in metallurgy engineering and material science from the University of Notre Dame."
6. "It is widely used in geological and mineral, metallurgy, mining, oil drilling, and hydrology industries."

      More Related

1. alloy |n| a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion.
2. "An alloy of nickel, bronze, and zinc."
3. "The conversion is valid for unalloyed steels, high-alloy steels and cast steel."
4. conductivity |n| the property of transmitting heat, electricity, or sound.
5. "High electrical and thermal conductivity."
6. "Measured data may include electrical properties of the volume of interest such as conductivity and dielectric constant."
7. corrosion |n| is the process by which something deteriorates because of oxidation, a chemical action that creates oxides that flake away from the base.
8. "Its more effective, secure seal provides excellent resistance to leakage and corrosion."
9. "Stainless steel design is non collapsible and corrosion resistant."
10. periodic table / periodic table of elements |n| a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns.
11. "This weight is the number assigned to each of the chemical elements in the periodic table."
12. "The modern periodic table is sometimes expanded into its long or 32-column form by reinstating the footnoted f-block elements into their natural position between the s- and d-blocks."
13. solder |n| a low-melting alloy, especially one based on lead and tin or (for higher temperatures) on brass or silver, used for joining less fusible metals.
14. "In the past, copper pipes were joined with lead based solder which is currently banned from usage."
15. "Different materials are available for the solder connection. "
16. stainless |n| resistant to staining, rusting, the corrosive effect of chemicals, etc.
17. "High quality stainless steel can be used for cutting edges."
18. "All mounting parts and nuts are made of stainless steel."
19. tempering |n| a heat treatment process that is often used to improve hardness, strength, toughness, as well as decrease brittleness in fully hardened steel.
20. "Conventional, tempered steel scaler tips are hard and may damage the soft titanium on the surface, which encourages a swift build-up of plaque"
21. "The blacksmith tempered the metal with water."
22. blacksmith |n| a person who makes and repairs things in iron by hand.
23. "Without any money left, he had to give-up school and learned to become a blacksmith."
24. "1849 - The Scottish blacksmith, Kirkpatrick Macmillan added pedals."
25. "Then I do not care what you are, whether you are a blacksmith or a chimney-sweep, a king or a crossing-sweeper-it is of small account!."

       Main Metals

1. aluminium |n| a light silvery-grey metal.
2. "The side walls are wood and can be clad with aluminium plates."
3. "Aluminium has been adopted for its light weight and exceptional stress resistance."
4. brass |n| a yellow-coloured metal made from copper and zinc. It is used especially for making ornaments and musical instruments.
5. "The instrument is beautifully made in brass."
6. "The large family of wind instruments including the trumpet, trombone, French horn, etc, each consisting of a brass tube blown directly by means of a cup- or funnel-shaped mouthpiece."
7. bronze |n| a yellowish-brown alloy of copper with up to one-third tin.
8. "During the fifth century BC the Athenians introduced the third and more lowly currency metal: bronze , an alloy of copper and tin."
9. copper |n| a red-brown metal.
10. "In addition, fruit juices are rich in essential minerals like iron, copper , potassium, sodium, iodine and magnesium,"
11. gold |n| a yellow precious metal, the chemical element of atomic number 79, valued especially for use in jewelry and decoration, and to guarantee the value of currencies.
12. "While equities languish, precious metals such as gold have seen their value soar as investors seek a safe haven during uncertain times."
13. iron |n| strong, hard magnetic silvery-gray metal, the chemical element of atomic number 26, much used as a material for construction and manufacturing, especially in the form of steel.
14. "This shining metal was not raw iron but hard steel, which bent the softer wrought-iron blades of the Gauls."
15. lead |n| a dense, soft, dark gray metal, used esp. in combination with other metals and in batteries (= devices that produce electricity).Lead pipes in many older houses have been replaced by copper ones.
16. "Nowadays, most paints do not contain lead."
17. lithium |n| a soft silver-white element of the alkali metal group that is the lightest metal known and that is used especially in alloys and glass, in chemical synthesis, and in storage batteries.
18. "The following drugs may cause medical problems if you use them with levothyroxine: lithium, amiodarone, or antidepressants."
19. "Much of the Salar de Atacama, for example, is already controlled by mining firms extracting lithium and other minerals."
20. magasium |n| a silver-white malleable ductile light metallic element that occurs abundantly in nature and is used in metallurgical and chemical processes, in photography, signaling, and pyrotechnics because of the intense white light it produces on burning, and in construction especially in the form of light alloys.
21. mercury |n| a heavy, silver-white, highly toxic metallic element, the only one that is liquid at room temperature; quicksilver: used in barometers, thermometers, pesticides, pharmaceutical preparations, reflecting surfaces of mirrors, and dental fillings, in certain switches, lamps, and other electric apparatus, and as a laboratory catalyst. 
22. nickel |n| a hard, silvery-white, ductile and malleable metallic element, allied to iron and cobalt, not readily oxidized: used chiefly in alloys, in electroplating, and as a catalyst in organic synthesis.
23. "Nickel is a metal used in coins and batteries."
24. "Output cuts in aluminum and nickel production are announced after the escalation of the world crisis."
25. "Whether cobalt, nickel, beryllium or quartz, dental technicians who do not use a perfect dust extraction system are living dangerously."
26. platinium |n| a heavy, grayish-white, highly malleable and ductile metallic element, resistant to most chemicals, practically unoxidizable except in the presence of bases, and fusible only at extremely high temperatures: used for making chemical and scientific apparatus, as a catalyst in the oxidation of ammonia to nitric acid, and in jewelry.
27. "But the technology is expensive, mainly due to the cells' high-priced parts, including some that are made of platinum."
28. "Guaranteeing the gold, silver and platinum content of precious metals."
29. "The walls of these channels are coated with platinum or rhodium as a catalytically effective substance."
30. plutonium |n| a transuranic element with a fissile isotope of mass number 239 (plutonium 239) that can be produced from non-fissile uranium 238, as in a breeder reactor.
31. "In Russia we are working to halt the last few Russian industrial uranium graphite reactors used for producing weapons-grade plutonium."
32. "That plutonium will be converted to fuel for civil nuclear power plants."
33. "A reactor of this design could potentially be used to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons.
34. silver |n| a precious shiny grayish-white metal.
35. "Beryllium, calcium, silver and antimony have no appreciable effect on mechanical properties."
36. "The rush for precious ore also touched this section of the state with the discovery of vast amounts of silver."
37. "Environmental economics is not a silver bullet that will solve all environmental problems."
38. "And this time he will not be satisfied with the silver medal, as he told us in an exclusive interview."
39. steel |n| a hard, strong, gray or bluish-gray alloy of iron with carbon and usually other elements, used extensively as a structural and fabricating material.
40. "This shining metal was not raw iron but hard steel , which bent the softer wrought-iron blades of the Gauls."
41. "The steel wire may be galvanised (i.e. zinc coated) or bright."
42. "Iron ore yields steel that creates cars and skyscrapers."
43. "The tripod heads as well as the legs are made of aluminum and the thread inserts are manufactured of stainless steel."
44. "Knives of hardened tool steel, serrated on one side, guarantee a long service life."
45. "Sharper than Titanium*: hardened steel blades for long life."
46. tin |n| a low-melting, malleable, ductile metallic element nearly approaching silver in color and luster: used in plating and in making alloys, tinfoil, and soft solders.
47. "Aluminium, glass, tin and plastic are recycled."
48. "It is a crude structure made with a scrap of tin siding and wood."
49. "They are generally used in the manufacture of tin cans and other types of packaging."
50. uranium |n| a white, lustrous, radioactive, metallic element, occurring in pitchblende, and having compounds that are used in photography and in coloring glass. The 235 isotope is used in atomic and hydrogen bombs and as a fuel in nuclear reactors.
51. "Land contaminated with naturally occurring radioactivity is considered for uranium and other mining tails, phosphogypsum dumps, metal industry, etc."
52. "The quality of our uranium resources is not comparable to those of other producers."
53. "Magnesium of this purity is used to produce uranium metal, which can be cast into material for a nuclear weapon."
54. zinc |n| a ductile, bluish-white metallic element: used in making galvanized iron, brass, and other alloys, and as an element in voltaic cells.
55. "Zinc sulfate supplements may help with the recovery for some patients."
56. "From time to time we have entered into derivative instruments to protect a fixed copper, or zinc price for a portion of our metal sales."
57. "The standard material of construction includes a zinc plated steel body with galvanized steel mesh and a cotton diffuser."

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